A ranar 30 ga Yuni, sabbin labaran masana'antu sun nuna cewa bayan da Tesla da wasu sabbin masana'antun motoci na kasar Sin suka fara aiwatar da amfani da igiyar waya ta aluminum, Ferrari da BMW, manyan kamfanonin alfarma guda biyu na gargajiya, sun amince da amfani da wayoyin aluminum a manyan fannoni a sabbin samfuransu. Wannan ya nuna wani sabon mataki a cikin yanayin "maye gurbin jan ƙarfe da aluminum" na masana'antar kera motoci wanda ya shafe sama da shekaru 20 yana tasowa, wanda a hukumance ya sauya daga ayyukan gwaji da aka watsar zuwa saurin shiga cikin masana'antar.
Daga cikin matakan da ake ɗauka a yanzu na aiwatar da masana'antu, kamfanonin motoci masu matsayi daban-daban sun sami maki masu kyau a cikin wannan zagaye na maye gurbin kayan. Ferrari ta riga ta yi amfani da kayan aluminum sosai a jikinta, injinta, da chassis. A bara, ta canza kebul na wutar lantarki zuwa wayoyin aluminum a kan motar wasanni ta hybrid 296, kuma daga baya ta rufe dukkan nau'ikan kayayyaki, gami da samfurin lantarki na farko Luce da aka fitar a watan da ya gabata. Daraktan sadarwa na kamfanin Dario Esposito ya bayyana a sarari cewa wayoyin aluminum na iya rage jimlar nauyin igiyar waya har zuwa 20%, kuma babban ma'anar zaɓar kayan aluminum shine daidaita aikin kayan zuwa ga buƙatun sarrafa abin hawa gaba ɗaya.
Kamfanin BMW ya riga ya gwada na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki na aluminum a kan samfuransa na 1 Series tun daga shekarar 2011, kuma yanzu yana rufe dukkan tsarin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin wutar lantarki da wayoyin aluminum ta amfani da sabuwar fasahar lantarki ta eDrive. Labaran masana'antu sun nuna cewa Stellantis ya kuma bi diddigin aikin maye gurbin wayoyin jan ƙarfe da wayoyin aluminum.
A kasuwar cikin gida, kamfanoni kamar Avita, Xiaopeng, da Xiaomi duk sun aiwatar da aikace-aikacen igiyar waya ta aluminum. Tasirin inganta kewayon da fasahar sauƙi ke kawowa ya cika ainihin buƙatun motocin lantarki masu tsabta. A lokaci guda, a cikin sabon yanayi mai zafi na yaƙin farashin makamashi a China, igiyar waya ta aluminum na iya rage cikakken farashin saukarwa da kusan kashi 20% idan aka kwatanta da igiyar waya ta tagulla, wanda ke samar da babban sararin ajiya ga kamfanonin motoci da ke fuskantar matsin lamba kan ribar riba.
Babban abin da ke haifar da wannan zagayen maye gurbin ya samo asali ne daga matsin lamba mai yawa na farashin jan ƙarfe. A cewar bayanai daga London Metal Exchange, farashin jan ƙarfe ya kusan kai kololuwar tarihi na dala $15000 a kowace tan, kuma farashin tabo na yanzu yana da daidaito a kusan RMB 90000 a kowace tan, yayin da farashin aluminum a wannan lokacin kusan kwata ne kawai na farashin jan ƙarfe. Babban bambancin farashi yana nuna tattalin arzikin maye gurbin kayan. Ci gaba da ƙaruwar buƙatar jan ƙarfe a fannonin makamashin kore da cibiyoyin bayanai ya haifar da gibin wadata a kasuwar jan ƙarfe ta duniya a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, wanda hakan ke ƙara ƙarfafa ƙarfin tuƙin kamfanonin kera motoci don haɓaka maye gurbin kayan.
Duk da haka, masana'antar gabaɗaya tana da fahimtar hankali cewa ingancin watsa wutar lantarki na aluminum har yanzu yana ƙasa da na jan ƙarfe. A wasu yanayi da ke da buƙatar watsa wutar lantarki mai yawa da kuma watsawar zafi, wayar jan ƙarfe har yanzu ba ta da wani maye gurbinta. A lokaci guda, matsaloli kamar yawan amfani da makamashi a cikinsamar da aluminumda kuma bambance-bambancen kuɗin fito na yanki suma abubuwa ne masu amfani da kamfanonin motoci ke buƙatar yin la'akari da su yayin da suke tallata maye gurbin. JPMorgan ta kiyasta cewa nan da shekarar 2025, buƙatar jan ƙarfe da aka maye gurbinsa da aluminum zai kai kimanin kashi 2% na jimillar buƙatun duniya. Idan bambancin farashi ya ci gaba da faɗaɗa a nan gaba, ana sa ran wannan kaso zai ƙaru zuwa kashi 6% nan da shekarar 2030. Bibiyar ƙarin kamfanonin motoci zai ƙara yawan shigar da kayan haɗin waya na aluminum cikin sauri a masana'antar.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-06-2026