A cikin masana'antar masana'anta na casings na wayoyin hannu, fatun jirgin sama, da ginin bangon labule, madubi mai santsialuminum farantinana iya rikidewa zuwa “fata mai wayo” wacce ke da juriya ta yatsa, mai jurewa, har ma da canza launin bayan an yi aiki mai ban mamaki. Wannan shine sihirin fasahar jiyya na saman aluminum - ta hanyar zahiri, sinadarai, ko ilimin halitta, ana gina “makamai na ƙwayoyin cuta” iri-iri akan saman aluminium, suna barin ƙananan ƙarfe su haskaka ƙarfin ban mamaki.
Me yasa maganin saman ya zama dole?
Ko da yake an san aluminum da "karfe wanda baya tsatsa", halayensa na halitta yana da manyan kasawa guda uku:
Lalacewa: A cikin mahalli mai ɗanɗano, aluminum yana amsawa tare da iskar oxygen don samar da Layer na kariya na aluminum oxide, amma yanayin acidic ko alkaline na iya lalata wannan shinge na halitta.
Rashin juriya mara kyau: Tsaftataccen aluminum yana da taurin HV15-20 kawai (karfe yana da HV40-60), kuma karce yana da saurin faruwa yayin gogayya ta yau da kullun.
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayatarwa: Fuskar aluminum da ba a kula da ita ba ta da kyau kuma ba ta da haske, yana sa ya zama da wahala a iya biyan buƙatun ƙira na ƙarshe.
Fasahar gyaran fuska tana nufin magance waɗannan batutuwa ta hanyar samar da kayan aiki na 0.1-500 μ m a saman aluminum, yana ba shi halaye irin su juriya na lalata, juriya, da kayan ado. Fiye da tan miliyan 200 na aluminium ana yin jiyya a duk duniya a kowace shekara, suna ƙirƙirar ƙimar samarwa sama da dalar Amurka biliyan 300.
Cikakken nazarin fasahar jiyya na al'ada
Anodizing: Electrolysis sihiri ya haifar da makamai '
Ƙa'ida: Zuba kayan aluminium a cikin sulfuric acid electrolyte kuma haifar da 10-200 μm alumina yumbu Layer a saman bayan an kunna shi.
Abubuwan fasaha na fasaha
Ƙirƙirar tsarin saƙar zuma mai ƙananan sikelin tare da taurin har zuwa HV300 (ƙara ta sau 15)
Ana iya rina su cikin launuka sama da 200 (kamar gradient blue don iPhone).
Gishiri mai juriya da lalata har zuwa sa'o'i 2000 (farantin aluminum na yau da kullun kawai sa'o'i 500).
Shari'ar aikace-aikacen
Aerospace: Boeing 787 fuselage fata anodized magani inganta UV tsufa juriya da sau uku.
Ginin bangon labule: Alucobond composite panel anodized film kauri na 50 μm, tare da tsawon rayuwa na sama da shekaru 50.
Electroplating: Haɗin kan iyaka na ƙarfe na ƙarfe
Ƙa'ida: Ta hanyar shigar da sinadarai na lantarki, nickel, chromium, tin da sauran yadudduka na ƙarfe an rufe su a saman aluminum.
Nasarar ƙira:
Nanoelectroplating: Japan tana haɓaka rufin bakin ciki mai kauri tare da kauri na 1 μm kawai don kula da fa'idar substrate mara nauyi.
Haɗin lantarki: Ƙara barbashi na lu'u-lu'u zuwa maganin plating don ƙara taurin zuwa HV1000.
Sauya muhalli: Tsarin lantarki na kyauta na Cyanide yana rage fitar da ƙarfe mai nauyi da kashi 90%.
Yanayin aikace-aikace
Abubuwan da ke sarrafa motoci: Tireshin baturi na Tesla wanda aka yi masa da nickel Layer, mai iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 800 ℃.
Kayayyakin lantarki: MacBook harsashi da aka yi da Layer jan karfe, haɓakar zafin jiki ya inganta da 40%.
Micro arc oxidation (MAO): "atomic oven" don suturar yumbu
Ƙa'idar fasaha: Ƙarƙashin filin lantarki mai girma, ana haifar da zubar da jini a saman aluminum, yana samar da 10-200 μm yumbu Layer.
Amfanin aiki:
Juriya na sawa: Yawan lalacewa yana da ƙasa da 5 × 10 ⁻⁷ mm ³/N · m (1/5 na anodizing).
Ayyukan insulation: rushewar wutar lantarki har zuwa 2000V/mm (sau 10 na karfe).
Biocompatibility: ƙwararren likita don amfani a cikin dasa haɗin gwiwa na wucin gadi.
Aikace-aikace na gaba:
Kayan aikin likitanci: Jamus B Braun kayan aikin tiyata an lullube su da MAO a saman, tare da adadin ƙwayoyin cuta na 99.9%.
Rubutun sararin samaniya: NASA ta ƙera Al ₂ O ∝ – TiO ₂ hadaddiyar yumbu mai yumbu, zafin jiki mai jurewa 2000 ℃.
Fim ɗin musayar sinadarai: "garkuwar da ba a iya gani" don masana'anta kore
Siffofin fasaha: Babu buƙatar wutar lantarki, samar da fim mai kariya a cikin maganin zafin jiki na dakin.
Tsari na yau da kullun:
Canjin Chromate: Kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, amma chromium hexavalent carcinogenic ne (wanda Tarayyar Turai ta haramta).
Juyin chromate na phosphate: madadin chromium kyauta kuma mai dacewa da muhalli, cikakken amfani da layin samarwa na Ford.
Maganin Silane: Maye gurbin gishirin ƙarfe da kwayoyin organosilane yana rage farashin maganin ruwa da kashi 70%.
Sabbin juyin-juya-hali na fasaha
Nano shafi: matakin kwayoyin daidaitaccen kariya
Rufin "biomimetic lotus leaf sakamako" wanda Jami'ar Harvard ta haɓaka yana da kusurwar lamba na digiri 160 kuma ɗigon ruwa ta juye ta atomatik.BASF nanoceramic shafi daga Jamus, tare da kauri na 200nm, na iya tsayayya da yashi da tsakuwa tasirin.
Rufin warkar da kai: "sabuntawa da kansa" na kayan
Kansai Coatings a Japan ya ɓullo da wani microcapsule tsarin warkar da kai wanda ke fitar da wakilai masu gyara a wuraren da aka katse, yana ba da damar maidowa na sa'o'i 24.
Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Hefei, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta kasar Sin, ta ƙera wani rufin da ke ba da amsa ga zafin rana wanda ke gyara kai tsaye a lokacin da zafi ya shiga.
Rubutun canza launi mai hankali: saman da zai iya 'tunani'
Gilashin electrochromic na Gentex daga Isra'ila, tare da watsa haske wanda aka daidaita ta hanyar ƙarfin lantarki (1% -80%)
Fasahar tawada ta lantarki ta Merck daga Jamus ta cimma matsaya ta sauya fasalin saman kan faranti na aluminum.
Panorama aikace-aikacen masana'antu
Kayan lantarki na mabukaci: nunin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙira
Firam ɗin jerin Huawei Mate yana ɗaukar micro arc oxidation + PVD shafi, tare da kauri na kawai 0.6mm.Firam ɗin Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra yana amfani da fim ɗin lu'u-lu'u kamar lu'u-lu'u (DLC) tare da taurin HV900.
Sabbin Motocin Makamashi: Daidaita nauyi da Tsaro
Batirin batir na BYD yana ɗaukar maganin anodizing + epoxy resin shafi, ƙimar jin zafi UL94 V-0
An lulluɓe sulke na BMW iX da silane ceramicized, wanda ke rage nauyi da kashi 30% kuma yana da juriya.
bangon Labule na Gine-gine: Bayyanar Fasaha na Ƙwararrun Birane
An lullube bangon waje na Burj Khalifa da ke Dubai da sinadarin fluorocarbon, tare da juriyar yanayi har zuwa shekaru 50.
Kambin hasumiya na Ginin cibiyar Shanghai yana amfani da shafi mai wanke kansa na photocatalysis don cire ƙura bayan wanke ruwan sama.
Abubuwan Gabatarwa da Kalubale
Canjin Masana'antu Green
Wakilin jujjuyawar halittu: yin amfani da tsantsar shuka don maye gurbin sinadarai na gargajiya
Maganin ƙananan zafin jiki na plasma: amfani da makamashi ya ragu da 50%, babu zubar da ruwa.
Multi ayyuka hadewa
Bincike da haɓaka superhydrophobic, antibacterial, da conductive uku a cikin shafi ɗaya
Rubutun lantarki mai shimfiɗawa: yana kula da halayen koda tare da miƙewa na 300%.
Ci gaban basira
Haɗe-haɗe na firikwensin: Saƙon ainihin lokacin yanayin lafiyar kayan aiki.
Launi mai canza launi mai haske: yana daidaita zurfin launi ta atomatik gwargwadon ƙarfin UV.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-09-2025