Menene Aluminum Alloy?
Aluminum alloy wani sinadari ne wanda ake saka wasu abubuwa a cikin tsantsar aluminium domin inganta halayensa, da farko don ƙara ƙarfinsa. Wadannan sauran abubuwa sun hada da baƙin ƙarfe, silicon, jan karfe, magnesium, manganese da zinc a matakan da aka haɗu zasu iya zama kusan kashi 15 na gawa ta nauyi. Alloys ana sanya lamba mai lamba huɗu, a cikinta lambobi na farko ke tantance aji na gabaɗaya, ko silsilar, wanda ke ɗauke da manyan abubuwan haɗakarwa.
Aluminum mai tsabta
1xxx jerin
Jerin gami na 1xxx sun ƙunshi aluminium kashi 99 ko sama da tsarki. Wannan jerin yana da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata, kyakkyawan aiki, da kuma babban zafin jiki da wutar lantarki. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ake yawan amfani da jerin 1xxx don watsawa, ko grid, layukan. Nadi na gama-gari a cikin wannan jerin sune 1350, don aikace-aikacen lantarki, da 1100, don tiren tattara kayan abinci.
Alloys Masu Magani Zafi
Ana ƙarfafa wasu allunan ta hanyar magance zafin zafi sannan kuma quenching, ko saurin sanyaya. Maganin zafi yana ɗaukar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe, gami da dumama shi zuwa takamaiman wuri. Abubuwan gami, da ake kira solute, ana rarraba su iri ɗaya tare da aluminium yana sanya su cikin ingantaccen bayani. Karfe yana kashewa, ko kuma cikin sauri ya sanyaya, wanda ke daskare atom ɗin solute a wurin. Sakamakon zarra masu solute sun haɗu zuwa hazo da aka rarraba. Wannan yana faruwa a yanayin zafi na ɗaki wanda ake kira tsufa na halitta ko kuma a cikin aikin tanderu mai ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda ake kira tsufa na wucin gadi.
2xxx jerin
A cikin jerin 2xxx, ana amfani da jan ƙarfe azaman ƙa'idar alloying kashi kuma ana iya ƙarfafa shi sosai ta hanyar magance zafi. Wadannan allunan suna da kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, amma ba su da matakan juriya na lalata yanayi kamar sauran allunan aluminum. Saboda haka, waɗannan allunan yawanci ana fenti ko sutura don irin wannan bayyanar. Gabaɗaya an lulluɓe su da gawa mai tsafta ko 6xxx jerin gami don tsayayya da lalata. Alloy 2024 watakila mafi yadu da aka sani jirgin sama gami.
6xxx jerin
Siffofin 6xxx suna da yawa, ana iya magance zafi, suna da tsari sosai, masu walƙiya kuma suna da matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙarfi haɗe tare da kyakkyawan juriya na lalata. Alloys a cikin wannan jerin sun ƙunshi silicon da magnesium don samar da siliki na magnesium a cikin gami. Kayayyakin fitarwa daga jerin 6xxx sune zaɓi na farko don aikace-aikacen gine-gine da tsarin. Alloy 6061 shine mafi yadu amfani gami a cikin wannan jerin kuma ana amfani da su sau da yawa a manyan motoci da marine Frames. Bugu da ƙari, an yi wasu akwati na waya daga 6xxx jerin gami.
7xxx jerin
Zinc shine wakili na farko na wannan jerin, kuma lokacin da aka ƙara magnesium a cikin ƙaramin adadin, sakamakon shine mai zafi mai zafi, mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Sauran abubuwa kamar su jan karfe da chromium kuma ana iya ƙara su a cikin ƙananan adadi. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da su sune 7050 da 7075, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a masana'antar jiragen sama.
Kayayyakin da Ba Za a Iya Magani ba
Abubuwan da ba a kula da zafi ba suna ƙarfafa ta hanyar aikin sanyi. Aikin sanyi yana faruwa a lokacin mirgina ko hanyoyin ƙirƙira kuma shine aikin "aiki" ƙarfe don ƙara ƙarfinsa. Misali, lokacin mirgina aluminum zuwa ƙananan ma'auni, yana samun ƙarfi. Wannan shi ne saboda aikin sanyi yana gina ɓarna da guraben aiki a cikin tsarin, wanda sannan ya hana motsi na atom dangane da juna. Wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe. Abubuwan da ke haɗawa kamar magnesium suna ƙarfafa wannan tasirin, yana haifar da maɗaukakin ƙarfi.
3xxx jerin
Manganese shine babban abin haɗakarwa a cikin wannan jerin, sau da yawa tare da ƙarami kaɗan na magnesium. Koyaya, ƙayyadaddun kaso na manganese ne kawai za'a iya ƙarawa da kyau ga aluminum. 3003 sanannen gami ne don manufa gaba ɗaya saboda yana da matsakaicin ƙarfi da kyakkyawan aiki kuma ana iya amfani dashi a aikace-aikace kamar masu musayar zafi da kayan dafa abinci. Ana amfani da Alloy 3004 da gyare-gyarensa a cikin jikin gwangwani na abin sha na aluminum.
4xxx jerin
4xxx jerin allurai an haɗa su da silicon, wanda za'a iya ƙarawa da yawa don rage ma'aunin narkewar aluminium, ba tare da haifar da ɓarna ba. Saboda wannan, jerin 4xxx suna samar da ingantacciyar waya ta walda da allunan brazing inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin narkewa. Alloy 4043 yana daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ake amfani da su na filler don walda 6xxx jerin gami don aikace-aikacen tsari da na kera.
5xxx jerin
Magnesium shine wakili na farko na alloying a cikin jerin 5xxx kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi inganci kuma ana amfani da abubuwan haɗakarwa da yawa don aluminum. Alloys a cikin wannan jerin mallaki matsakaici zuwa high ƙarfi halaye, kazalika da kyau weldability da juriya ga lalata a cikin marine muhallin. Saboda haka, aluminium-magnesium gami ana amfani da su sosai a cikin gini da gini, tankunan ajiya, tasoshin matsa lamba da aikace-aikacen ruwa. Misalan aikace-aikacen gami na gama gari sun haɗa da: 5052 a cikin kayan lantarki, 5083 a cikin aikace-aikacen ruwa, zanen gado 5005 anodized don aikace-aikacen gine-gine da 5182 yana sa abin sha na aluminium zai iya rufe.
